LAG

Introduced or updated: v1.2.45

LAG allows you to access the value of a column from a preceding row within the same result set. It is typically used to retrieve the value of a column in the previous row, based on a specified ordering.

See also: LEAD

Syntax

LAG(expression [, offset [, default]]) OVER (PARTITION BY partition_expression ORDER BY sort_expression)

• offset: Specifies the number of rows ahead (LEAD) or behind (LAG) the current row within the partition to retrieve the value from. Defaults to 1.

  Note that setting a negative offset has the same effect as using the LEAD function.

• default: Specifies a value to be returned if the LEAD or LAG function encounters a situation where there is no value available due to the offset exceeding the partition's boundaries. Defaults to NULL.

Examples

CREATE TABLE sales (
  sale_id INT,
  product_name VARCHAR(50),
  sale_amount DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

INSERT INTO sales (sale_id, product_name, sale_amount)
VALUES (1, 'Product A', 1000.00),
       (2, 'Product A', 1500.00),
       (3, 'Product A', 2000.00),
       (4, 'Product B', 500.00),
       (5, 'Product B', 800.00),
       (6, 'Product B', 1200.00);

SELECT product_name, sale_amount, LAG(sale_amount) OVER (PARTITION BY product_name ORDER BY sale_id) AS previous_sale_amount
FROM sales;

product_name | sale_amount | previous_sale_amount
-----------------------------------------------
Product A    | 1000.00     | NULL
Product A    | 1500.00     | 1000.00
Product A    | 2000.00     | 1500.00
Product B    | 500.00      | NULL
Product B    | 800.00      | 500.00
Product B    | 1200.00     | 800.00

-- The following statements return the same result.
SELECT product_name, sale_amount, LAG(sale_amount, -1) OVER (PARTITION BY product_name ORDER BY sale_id) AS next_sale_amount
FROM sales;

SELECT product_name, sale_amount, LEAD(sale_amount) OVER (PARTITION BY product_name ORDER BY sale_id) AS next_sale_amount
FROM sales;

product_name|sale_amount|next_sale_amount|
------------+-----------+----------------+
Product A   |    1000.00|         1500.00|
Product A   |    1500.00|         2000.00|
Product A   |    2000.00|                |
Product B   |     500.00|          800.00|
Product B   |     800.00|         1200.00|
Product B   |    1200.00|                |